Which of the following managed care models typically operates without a primary care physician requirement?

The Exclusive Provider Organization (EPO) is the correct answer because it is a managed care model that allows members to receive care from a network of providers without needing a referral from a primary care physician. In an EPO, individuals have the flexibility to see any provider within the network directly, which can be advantageous for those who prefer to have more control over their healthcare choices without the constraint of navigating through a primary care doctor.

In contrast, Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) generally require members to select a primary care physician who acts as a gatekeeper for all referrals to specialists. The Point of Service (POS) Organization combines features of both HMOs and PPOs, typically requiring a primary care physician and offering referrals for specialist care based on that relationship. Managed Care Networks (MCNs) may include various types of managed care arrangements but often emulate the structures of HMOs or POS plans, which also tend to involve primary care physician oversight.

Thus, the nature of EPO plans allows for direct access to specialists, distinguishing it from the other models listed, which typically involve a primary care physician requirement.